Writing Final Report

I started writing my report since the half way through of the project. I started by writing a bit by bit in this way it gives me more time to check and rewrite again if I'm not happy with that. Some of the chapter I've to change it may be two or three time to get it right. Before start writing the report it is necessary to know that what kind of element require in the report and also the structure of  the report is also need to be logical. The basic structure of my report is shown as follow: But one must bear in mind this it not finish yet and could be changed again.

Title page

Abstract

Acknowledgement

Contents page

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1: Aims and Objectives

1.2: Project Background

1.2.1: Pulse code Modulation (PCM)

1.2.1.1: Sampling

1.2.1.2: Quantization

Chapter: 2 Fibre Optic Technology

2.1: Optical Transmission

2.1.1: Laws of Reflection

2.1.2: Law of Refraction

2.1.3: Critical Angle

2.1.4: Total Internal Reflection

2.1.5: Numerical Aperture

2.2: Types of Fibre

2.2.1: Step Index

2.2.2: Graded Index

2.2.3: Multimode

2.2.4: Single mode

2.2.5: Plastic Optical Fibre

Chapter 3: LED (Light Emitting Diode) and Photo-detector

3.1: LED Driver Circuit

3.2: Photo-detector Circuit

Chapter 4: System's Circuit

4.1: PCM Codec Circuit

4.2: Crystal Master Clock

4.3: Frequency Divider Circuit

Chapter 5: Result and Discussion

5.1: Crystal Master Clock

5.2: Bit Clock

5.3: Frame Synchronization Clock

5.4: Serial Data Output

5.3: Testing Transmitter's Input and Receiver's Output

5.6: System's 3dB Bandwidth

Chapter 6: Future Work

Chapter 7: Investigate Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Chapter 8: Conclusion

Reference List

Poster

Before we start making the poster we got to make sure that we have something already in our mind. Therefore we need to decide the type of design or which kind of design of the poster we are going to make. And prepare everything before start making the poster in the power point is essential. In my case I decided to make portrait design poster to suit my ideal and design. Based on my research most of the poster are very simple design without overload the poster with text because a poster is simply just a visual presentation. Planning is very important before we even start. So we can mock up our design by hand and plan our content and layout. And also it is important to design our poster at the actual size that it will be printed. And also the resolution of the poster are also very important. Since most of the posters are printed out using 300dpi resolution. Therefore, extra care must be taken whatever photo we will insert into the poster. All photo must have 300dpi resolution because most of the images download from the internet only have a resolution of 70dpi. This could create a problem when printing out and the poster image will be blurred will not be able to see it clearly. There are number of software can be used to create a poster such as power point and photoshop. In my case I used powerpoint since it is very easy to used. After finich the poster design we can test it out whether the poster has the quality that we want by simply save the design into pdf format. And then open it and then zoom the poster up to 400% to check that the quality is good or not. If the poster is blurred then for sure we can't print it because after all it will look blurry and not clear.

3dB Bandwidth

3dB bandwidth is the frequency at which a input signal is attenuated by 3dB and which is 70.71% of the signal true amplitude. So this means that at its specified bandwidth the device can show as little as 70.71% of the actual amplitude of the signal. This can be measured by simply using the function generator and feed the since wave frequency into the system and then monitor it with oscilloscope then take the output voltage from the oscilloscope using the formula show here to calculate the gain. So we do this by increase the frequency gradually until the response drop to 3dB which is 70.71%. The whole process of measuring this taking a lot time because we need to do different value of frequency until we found the point that drop to 3dB.

Gain = 20 x Log10 (Vout/Vin)